"Their migration moves north, then south, tending to follow the surface currents. "The main group spawns in winter in the East China Sea, the second in autumn, west of Kyushu, and the third, minor group in spring/summer in the Sea of Japan as well as off northeastern Japan." Three subpopulations have been identified in Japanese waters. Within this year of life, the squid mature from their larval form, feed and grow, migrate, and at the end of their lives, congregate at the mating grounds, where they reproduce. The flying squid live in surface water of 100 m, but can go as deep as 500 m. They are short-lived, only surviving about a year. The Japanese squid can live in water from 5 to 27 ☌, and tend to inhabit the upper layers of the ocean. Mantle length in females can go up to 50 cm males are smaller. This species of squid can weigh up to 0.5 kg. The age of a squid can be determined on the basis of growth rings when additions are appended daily to the statoliths, balance organs in the back of the squid's head. Squid have ink sacs, which they use as a defense mechanism against possible predators. Inside the mouth is a tooth-tongue-like appendage called the radula. In between the arms sits the mouth, or beak. The squid has eight arms and two tentacles with suction cups along the backs. Instead, the squid has a siphon, a muscle which takes in water from one side, and pushes it out the other side: jet propulsion. The mantle encloses the visceral mass of the squid, and has two fins, which are not the primary method of propulsion. Adult squid have several distinguishing features.
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